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Real drive cycles analysis by ordered power methodology applied to fuel consumption, CO

Pol Masclans Abelló, Vicente Medina Iglesias, M. Antonia de los Santos López, Jesús Álvarez-Flórez

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1296-z

摘要： Abstract • New method named CAbOP is presented based on ordering data according to power. • Three emission models are used and their emission results compared. • Emissions data are analyzed in real driving cycles under CAbOP criteria. • Methodology to collect data and reconstruct lost data in real urban driving cycles. In this work three fuel consumption and exhaust emission models, ADVISOR, VT-MICRO and the European Environmental Agency Emission factors, have been used to obtain fuel consumption (FC) and exhaust emissions. These models have been used at micro-scale, using the two signal treatment methods presented. The manuscript presents: 1) a methodology to collect data in real urban driving cycles, 2) an estimation of FC and tailpipe emissions using some available models in literature, and 3) a novel analysis of the results based on delivered wheel power. The results include Fuel Consumption (FC), CO2, NOx and PM10 emissions, which are derived from the three simulators. In the first part of the paper we present a new procedure for incomplete drive cycle data treatment, which is necessary for real drive cycle acquisition in high density cities. Then the models are used to obtain second by second FC and exhaust emissions. Finally, a new methodology named Cycle Analysis by Ordered Power (CAbOP) is presented and used to compare the results. This method consists in the re-ordering of time dependant data, considering the wheel mechanical power domain instead of the standard time domain. This new strategy allows the 5 situations in drive cycles to be clearly visualized: hard breaking zone, slowdowns, idle or stop zone, sustained speed zone and acceleration zone. The complete methodology is applied in two real drive cycles surveyed in Barcelona (Spain) and the results are compared with a standardized WLTC urban cycle.

关键词： Cycle Analysis by Ordered Power (CAbOP)     Micro and macro models     Real drive cycle     NOx/PM10/CO2 emissions     Wheel mechanical power domain     Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC)    

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Electromagnetic interference modeling and suppression techniques in variable-frequency drive systems

Le YANG, Shuo WANG, Jianghua FENG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第13卷 第3期   页码 329-353 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0466-1

摘要：

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) causes electromechanical damage to the motors and degrades the reliability of variable-frequency drive (VFD) systems. Unlike fundamental frequency components in motor drive systems, high-frequency EMI noise, coupled with the parasitic parameters of the trough system, are difficult to analyze and reduce. In this article, EMI modeling techniques for different function units in a VFD system, including induction motors, motor bearings, and rectifier-inverters, are reviewed and evaluated in terms of applied frequency range, model parameterization, and model accuracy. The EMI models for the motors are categorized based on modeling techniques and model topologies. Motor bearing and shaft models are also reviewed, and techniques that are used to eliminate bearing current are evaluated. Modeling techniques for conventional rectifier-inverter systems are also summarized. EMI noise suppression techniques, including passive filter, Wheatstone bridge balance, active filter, and optimized modulation, are reviewed and compared based on the VFD system models.

关键词： variable-frequency drive (VFD)     electromagnetic interference (EMI)     motor drive modeling     EMI noise suppression    

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Power control of dual-motor electric drive for tracked vehicles

Yuan ZOU, Chengning ZHANG, Fengchun SUN, Jingbo WU,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第5卷 第1期   页码 67-72 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0059-0

摘要： The fundamental problem of the power control for the driving of a dual-motor drive electric tracked vehicle is analyzed. The tracked vehicle and its electric drive system are mathematically modeled. Power control schemes of the dual-motor drive system is put forward, designed, and analyzed, including the distributed control system and the two control schemes speed-regulation and torque-regulation. The field experiment shows that the two types of drive control schemes realize the driving function of the vehicle feasibly and effectively. Obviously the comprehensive controller and two motors’ controllers are closely coupled in the “speed-regulation” control scheme, in which they must coordinate very well to guarantee the control. Contrastingly, in the “torque-regulation” control scheme, the comprehensive controller and two motors’ controller are not dependent closely when the accuracy and response of the torque controlling is guaranteed. The latter is simpler and more practical than the former.

关键词： control     electric drive     tracked vehicle    

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An investigation into the vibration of harmonic drive systems

M. Masoumi, H. Alimohammadi

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第8卷 第4期   页码 409-419 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0275-5

摘要：

Harmonic drive systems are precise and specific transmission gear systems which are beneficial in terms of the high transmission ratio and almost zero backlash. These inherent and spectacular properties result in using this mechanism in robotic and space sciences where the precision and lightwieght play an important role. This paper presents a vibration analysis of harmonic drive systems using the shell theory. Equations of vibration for the flexspline and the circular spline of the system are derived and used to find the natural frequencies for both parts and, moreover, vibration response of the system under the operating condition is calculated. Also, obtained vibration equations are utilized to study the effects of different involved parameters such as the geometry of the flexspline and its gear tooth, eccentricity, and unbalancing on the vibrational behavior of the system.

关键词： harmonic drive system     strain wave gearing mechanism     vibration analysis     natural frequencies    

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SCRaMbLE drive application of synthetic yeast genome

Jin Jin, Yuan Ma, Duo Liu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 832-834 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1749-0

摘要：
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Effects of elastic support on the dynamic behaviors of the wind turbine drive train

Shuaishuai WANG, Caichao ZHU, Chaosheng SONG, Huali HAN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第12卷 第3期   页码 348-356 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0420-7

摘要：

The reliability and service life of wind turbines are influenced by the complex loading applied on the hub, especially amidst a poor external wind environment. A three-point elastic support, which includes the main bearing and two torque arms, was considered in this study. Based on the flexibilities of the planet carrier and the housing, a coupled dynamic model was developed for a wind turbine drive train. Then, the dynamic behaviors of the drive train for different elastic support parameters were computed and analyzed. Frequency response functions were used to examine how different elastic support parameters influence the dynamic behaviors of the drive train. Results showed that the elastic support parameters considerably influenced the dynamic behaviors of the wind turbine drive train. A large support stiffness of the torque arms decreased the dynamic response of the planet carrier and the main bearing, whereas a large support stiffness of the main bearing decreased the dynamic response of planet carrier while increasing that of the main bearing. The findings of this study provide the foundation for optimizing the elastic support stiffness of the wind turbine drive train.

关键词： wind turbine drive train     elastic support     dynamic behavior     frequency response function    

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Design and analysis of a new high frequency double-servo direct drive rotary valve

Muzhi ZHU,Shengdun ZHAO,Jingxiang LI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第11卷 第4期   页码 344-350 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0406-x

摘要：

Researchers have investigated direct drive valve for many years to solve problems, such as fluid force imbalance and switching frequency. The structure of the rotary valve has received considerable research interest because of its favorable dynamic properties and simple structure. This paper studied the high frequency double-servo direct drive rotary valve (DDRV), and proposed a novel structure and drive method satisfying high reversing frequency and adequate quantity of flow. Servo motors are integrated into the valve by the innovative structure, which is designed to equilibrate the unbalanced radial fluid force with the symmetric distributed oil ports. Aside from the fast reversing function of the valve, the DDRV presented high performance in linearity of the flow quantity and valve opening as a result of the fan-shaped flow ports. In addition, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method based on Fluent was conducted to verify the flux regulation effect of the height change of the adjustable boss.

关键词： direct drive rotary valve     computational fluid dynamics (CFD)     flow regulation    

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Hierarchical parameter estimation of DFIG and drive train system in a wind turbine generator

Xueping PAN, Ping JU, Feng WU, Yuqing JIN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第12卷 第3期   页码 367-376 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0429-y

摘要：

A new hierarchical parameter estimation method for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and drive train system in a wind turbine generator (WTG) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the parameters of the DFIG and the drive train are estimated locally under different types of disturbances. Secondly, a coordination estimation method is further applied to identify the parameters of the DFIG and the drive train simultaneously with the purpose of attaining the global optimal estimation results. The main benefit of the proposed scheme is the improved estimation accuracy. Estimation results confirm the applicability of the proposed estimation technique.

关键词： wind turbine generator     DFIG     drive train system     hierarchical parameter estimation method     trajectory sensitivity technique    

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Meshing stiffness property and meshing status simulation of harmonic drive under transmission loading

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0674-6

摘要： The multitooth meshing state of harmonic drive (HD) is an important basic characteristic of its high transformation precision and high bearing capacity. Meshing force distribution affects the load sharing of the tooth during meshing, and theoretical research remains insufficient at present. To calculate the spatial distributed meshing forces and loading backlashes along the axial direction, an iterative algorithm and finite element model (FEM) is proposed to investigate the meshing state under varied transmission loading. The displacement formulae of meshing point under tangential force are derived according to the torsion of the flexspline cylinder and the bending of the tooth. Based on the relationship of meshing forces and circumferential displacements, meshing forces and loading backlashes in three cross-sections are calculated with the algorithm under gradually increased rotation angles of circular spline, and the results are compared with FEM. Owing to the taper deformation of the cup-shaped flexspline, the smallest initial backlash and the earliest meshing point appear in the front cross-section far from the cup bottom, and then the teeth in the middle cross-section of the tooth rim enter the meshing and carry most of the loading. Theoretical and numerical research show that the flexibility is quite different for varied meshing points and tangential force amplitude because of the change of contact status between the flexspline and the wave generator. The meshing forces and torsional stiffness of the HD are nonlinear with the torsional angle.

关键词： harmonic drive     meshing flexibility matrix     meshing force     loading backlash     flexspline     contact analysis    

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CRITICAL PROCESSES AND MAJOR FACTORS THAT DRIVE NITROGEN TRANSPORT FROM FARMLAND TO SURFACE WATER BODIES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第4期   页码 541-552 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023518

摘要：

Agricultural non-point source pollution is increasingly an important issue affecting surface water quality. Currently, the majority of the studies on nitrogen loss have focused on the agricultural field scale, however, the response of surface water quality at the watershed scale into the nitrogen loss at the field scale is poorly understood. The present study systematically reviewed the critical processes and major factors that nitrogen transport from farm fields to surface water bodies. The critical processes of farmland nitrogen entering surface water bodies involve the processes of nitrogen transport from farmland to ditches and the transformation processes of nitrogen during migration in ditches/rivers. Nitrogen transport from farmland to ditches is one of the prerequisites and critical processes for farmland nitrogen transport to surface water bodies. The transformation of nitrogen forms in ditches/rivers is an intermediate process in the migration of nitrogen from farmland to surface water bodies. Nitrogen loss from farmland is related to soil storage and exogenous inputs. Therefore, nitrogen input management should not only consider the current input, but also the contribution of soil storage due to the historical surpluses. Ditches/rivers have a strong retention capacity for nitrogen, which will significantly affect the process of farmland nitrogen entering surface water bodies. The factors affecting nitrogen transformation in river/ditches can be placed in four categories: (1) factors affecting hydraulic retention time, (2) factors affecting contact area, (3) factors affecting biological activity, and (4) forms and amount of nitrogen loading to river/ditches. Ditch systems are more biologically (including plants and microbes) active than rivers with biological factors having a greater influence on nitrogen transformation. When developing pollution prevention and control strategies, ecological ditches can be constructed to increase biological activity and reduce the amount of surplus nitrogen entering the water body. The present research should be valuable for the evaluation of environment impacts of nitrogen loss and the non-point source pollution control.

关键词： nitrogen     loss from soil     transformation     farm field scale     watershed scale    

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System construction of a four-side primary permanent-magnet linear motor drive mechanical press

Jintao LIANG, Zhengfeng MING, Peida LI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第15卷 第4期   页码 600-609 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0597-z

摘要： A primary permanent-magnet linear motor (PPMLM) has a robust secondary structure and high force density and is appropriate for direct-drive mechanical press. The structure of a four-side PPMLM drive press is presented based on our previous research. The entire press control system is constructed to realize various flexible forming processes. The control system scheme is determined in accordance with the mathematical model of PPMLM, and active disturbance rejection control is implemented in the servo controller. Field-circuit coupling simulation is applied to estimate the system’s performance. Then, a press prototype with 6 kN nominal force is fabricated, and the hardware platform of the control system is constructed for experimental study. Punch strokes with 0.06 m displacement are implemented at trapezoidal speeds of 0.1 and 0.2 m/s; the dynamic position tracking errors are less than 0.45 and 0.82 mm, respectively. Afterward, continuous reciprocating strokes are performed, and the positioning errors at the bottom dead center are less than 0.015 mm. Complex pulse trajectories are also achieved. The proposed PPMLM drive press exhibits a fast dynamic response and favorable tracking precision and is suitable for various forming processes.

关键词： mechanical press     direct drive     primary permanent-magnet linear motor (PPMLM)     servo system     active disturbance rejection control (ADRC)     prototype experiment    

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Novel drive mechanism for in-tube micro robots

CHEN Yangzhi, XING Guangquan, PENG Xuefei, LIU Wenguang, YAO Huaping

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第2卷 第1期   页码 94-98 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0016-8

摘要： The volume of an in-tube micro robot is small and its interior space is very limited. However, conventional transmission methods are unfit to drive in-tube micro robots. A novel micro drive mechanism called the micro-elastic-meshing-wheel is presented in this paper. It can be used for transmitting power and locomotion between two shafts, which are upright and cross in a micro space. The mechanical model of the novel drive mechanism is built, and the maximal transmission force is deduced. Then, sufficient experiments are carried out to test maximal transmission force produced by the novel drive mechanism. The calculation and experiment results show that the novel drive mechanism can transmit sufficient power to in-tube micro robots.

关键词： limited     conventional transmission     maximal transmission     upright     calculation    

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Multi-objective design optimization of a large-scale direct-drive permanent magnet generator for wind

Arash Hasssanpour ISFAHANI,Amirhossein Haji-Seyed BOROUJERDI,Saeed HASANZADEH

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 182-191 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0320-z

摘要： This paper presents a simultaneous multi-objective optimization of a direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generator and a three-blade horizontal-axis wind turbine for a large scale wind energy conversion system. Analytical models of the generator and the turbine are used along with the cost model for optimization. Three important characteristics of the system i.e.,the total cost of the generator and blades, the annual energy output and the total mass of generator and blades are chosen as objective functions for a multi-objective optimization. Genetic algorithm (GA) is then employed to optimize the value of eight design parameters including seven generator parameters and a turbine parameter resulting in a set of optimal solutions. Four optimal solutions are then selected by applying some practical restrictions on the front. One of these optimal designs is chosen for finite element verification. A circuit-fed coupled time stepping finite element method is then performed to evaluate the no-load and the full load performance analysis of the system including the generator, a rectifier and a resistive load. The results obtained by the finite element analysis (FEA) verify the accuracy of the analytical model and the proposed method.

关键词： permanent magnet synchronous generator     wind turbine     direct-drive     multi-objective optimization     cost     mass     annual energy output     finite element analysis (FEA)    

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电气传动——信息、能源和运动的接口

马小亮

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第2期   页码 83-86

摘要：

电气传动是信息能源和运动的接口。长期以来大家都接触它，但对它是不是高新技术存在疑虑。文章试图从接口角度出发谈个人对该领域的认识，望能促进人们的理解。文中讨论电气传动下列几个问题：什么是电气传动；在国民经济中的作用；与其它学科的关系及发展方向；在我国的现状及攻关方向建议。

关键词： 电气传动     接口     信息     能源     运动    

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Impact drive rotary precision actuator with piezoelectric bimorphs

ZHANG Hongzhuang, ZENG Ping, HUA Shunming, CHENG Guangming, YANG Zhigang

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第3卷 第1期   页码 71-75 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0008-3

摘要： An impact drive rotary precision actuator with end-loaded piezoelectric cantilever bimorphs is proposed. According to finite element analysis and experiments of the dynamic characteristics of end-loaded piezoelectric cantilever bimorphs, a specific fixed-frequency and adjustable-amplitude is confirmed to control the actuator. The results show that an actuator excited by fixed-frequency and the adjustable-amplitude ramp voltage waveform works with a large travel range (180°), high resolution (1 ?rad), speed (0.2 rad/min) and heavy-load ability (0.02 Nm). With advantages of high-precision positioning ability, simple structure and only one percent the cost of traditional impact drive mechanisms, the actuator is expected to be widely used in precision industries.

关键词： specific fixed-frequency     waveform     piezoelectric cantilever     mechanisms     adjustable-amplitude    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Real drive cycles analysis by ordered power methodology applied to fuel consumption, CO

Pol Masclans Abelló, Vicente Medina Iglesias, M. Antonia de los Santos López, Jesús Álvarez-Flórez

期刊论文

Electromagnetic interference modeling and suppression techniques in variable-frequency drive systems

Le YANG, Shuo WANG, Jianghua FENG

期刊论文

Power control of dual-motor electric drive for tracked vehicles

Yuan ZOU, Chengning ZHANG, Fengchun SUN, Jingbo WU,

期刊论文

An investigation into the vibration of harmonic drive systems

M. Masoumi, H. Alimohammadi

期刊论文

SCRaMbLE drive application of synthetic yeast genome

Jin Jin, Yuan Ma, Duo Liu

期刊论文

Effects of elastic support on the dynamic behaviors of the wind turbine drive train

Shuaishuai WANG, Caichao ZHU, Chaosheng SONG, Huali HAN

期刊论文

Design and analysis of a new high frequency double-servo direct drive rotary valve

Muzhi ZHU,Shengdun ZHAO,Jingxiang LI

期刊论文

Hierarchical parameter estimation of DFIG and drive train system in a wind turbine generator

Xueping PAN, Ping JU, Feng WU, Yuqing JIN

期刊论文

Meshing stiffness property and meshing status simulation of harmonic drive under transmission loading

期刊论文

CRITICAL PROCESSES AND MAJOR FACTORS THAT DRIVE NITROGEN TRANSPORT FROM FARMLAND TO SURFACE WATER BODIES

期刊论文

System construction of a four-side primary permanent-magnet linear motor drive mechanical press

Jintao LIANG, Zhengfeng MING, Peida LI

期刊论文

Novel drive mechanism for in-tube micro robots

CHEN Yangzhi, XING Guangquan, PENG Xuefei, LIU Wenguang, YAO Huaping

期刊论文

Multi-objective design optimization of a large-scale direct-drive permanent magnet generator for wind

Arash Hasssanpour ISFAHANI,Amirhossein Haji-Seyed BOROUJERDI,Saeed HASANZADEH

期刊论文

电气传动——信息、能源和运动的接口

马小亮

期刊论文

Impact drive rotary precision actuator with piezoelectric bimorphs

ZHANG Hongzhuang, ZENG Ping, HUA Shunming, CHENG Guangming, YANG Zhigang

期刊论文